The SAR models developed revealed the importance of simple molecular characteristics for differential binding to the D(2) receptor and the 5-HT transporter. These included molecular size and shape, solubility parameters, hydrogen donating potential, electrostatic parameters, stereochemistry and presence of nitrogen.

The developed models and techniques

employed are expected to be useful in the rational design of future therapeutic agents.”
“Background: N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-derived variables are gold standards for assessing prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. We sought to refine cardiac events prediction by performing a combined analysis of NT-proBNP with selleck chemicals llc markers of exercise ventilatory efficiency.

Methods and Results: A total of 260 stable HF patients underwent measurements of plasma NT-proBNP levels before, at peak exercise, and at I-minute CPET recovery phase along

with peak oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation to CO2 production (VE/VCO2) slope, and exercise periodic breathing (EPB) determinations. After a median follow-up period of 20.6 months, there were 54 cardiac-related deaths. Univariate analysis including NT-proBNP at rest, at peak exercise, and at 1 minute recovery, peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope, and EPB showed NT-proBNP to be the strongest independent predictor with equivalent performance for rest, peak, and recovery levels. Thus, only NT-proBNP at rest was considered (Harrel C 0.783, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.722-0.844) with VE/VCO2 slope (Harrel

C 0.720, 95% Cl 0.646-0.794), EPB (Harrel C 0.685, 95% CI DNA Synthesis inhibitor 0.619-0.751), and peak VO2 (Harrel C 0.618, 95% Cl 0.533-0.704). With bivariate stepwise analyses, NT-proBNP along with EPB emerged as the strongest prognosticators (Harrel C 0.800, 95% Cl 0.737-0.862).

Conclusions: In the refinement for robust outcome predictors in HE patients, NT-proBNP levels together with EPB led to the most powerful definition. VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 did not provide any prognostic adjunct. A biomarker/CPET approach seems very promising to warrant the continuous implementation in the prognostic work-up selleck inhibitor of HE patients. (J Cardiac Fail 2012;18:313-320)”
“We report our initial experience with transapical aortic valve implantation. All six of our patients were octogenarians, all had significant associated comorbid conditions and, according to the logistic EuroSCORE, their mortality was expected to be 22%. All procedures were performed successfully and there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Five patients were discharged between postoperative days 5 and 7 with normally functioning prostheses.”
“We have previously shown the neuroprotective effect of atypical antipsychotic agents by experimental cerebral ischemia. However the impact of their high dose related side effects on their low dosage related neuroprotectivity is still unknown.

Elevated levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and antibodies against them have been described in adults with atherosclerotic lesions and cardiovascular events. However, there are no investigations of these variables in children with CKD treated conservatively or on peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the profile of HSPs and their Z-VAD-FMK mechanism of action potential role as markers of atherosclerosis in these groups of patients.

Methods: The study group consisted of 37 children with CKD treated conservatively and 19 children and young adults on

automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The control group comprised 15 age-matched subjects with normal kidney function. HSP-60, HSP-70, HSP-90alpha, anti-HSP-60, anti-HSP-70, sE-selectin, and interleukin (IL)-4 serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA; high-sensitivity see more C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels

were assessed by nephelometry. Serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) were also estimated.

Results: HSP-90 alpha alpha anti-HSP-60, and sE-selectin concentrations in the CKD and APD patients were higher than in the controls and were lower in the predialysis subjects than in the children on dialysis. Median values of anti-HSP-70 were higher in the CKD patients than in the control group. Levels of IL-4 were increased in all patients versus controls. Median values of HSP-60 were decreased in the CKD and APD children versus controls. HSP-70 and hs-CRP concentrations were comparable in all groups.

Conclusions: The altered HSP and anti-HSP concentrations may imply that the response to stress conditions in the course of CKD is disturbed in children; APD does not aggravate that dysfunction in a significant way. Relationships between HSPs, lipid profile, and markers of inflammation selleck suggest a possible role of the selected HSPs as markers

of atherosclerosis in children with CKD.”
“It is well established that there is a relationship between patterns of early growth and subsequent risk of development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Studies in both humans and in animal models have provided strong evidence that the early environment plays an important role in mediating these relationships. The concept of the developmental origins of health and disease is therefore widely accepted. The mechanisms by which an event in very early life can have a permanent effect on the long-term health of an individual are still relatively poorly understood. However a growing body of evidence has implicated a number of candidate mechanisms. These include permanent changes in an organ structure, programmed changes in gene expression through epigenetic modifications and persistent effects on regulation of cellular ageing.

The CPS selleckchem reveals that the vibration strength of two phonon modes that correspond to the characteristic phonon modes (A(1g)(1) and E(g)) of crystalline Sb(2)Te(3) enhances with increasing laser irradiation fluence (LIF), showing the rise of the degree of crystallization with LIF and that femtosecond laser irradiation is a good post-treatment technique. Time-resolved circularly polarized pump-probe spectroscopy is used to investigate electron spin relaxation dynamics of the laser-induced crystallized Sb(2)Te(3) film.

Spin relaxation process indeed is observed, confirming the theoretical predictions on the validity of spin-dependent optical transition selection rule and the feasibility of transient spin-grating-based optical detection scheme of spin-plasmon collective modes in Sb(2)Te(3)-like topological insulators. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3633228]“
“This study characterized

the effects of nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis with or without Gln infusion on acid-base balance, plasma AA, and plasma NEFA in sheep. In a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, 24 fully fleeced sheep (Rideau-Arcott, 63.6 +/- 5.9 kg of BW) were fed a control supplement (CS; 300 g/d of canola meal) or an acidosis supplement (AS; 300 g/d of NutriChlor; HCl-treated canola meal), offered twice daily at 0700 and 1100 h. Sheep were infused at Sapitinib 1400 h daily with 0.3 g of L-glutamine per kg of BW or saline via jugular vein catheters for 7 d. The sheep were individually housed and limit-fed a basal diet of dehydrated alfalfa pellets (1.75 kg/d; 90% DM, 22% CP, and 1.2 Mcal of NE(g)/kg on a DM basis) offered twice daily at 1000 and 1300 h. Blood and urine was sampled daily between 1100 and 1130 h, and blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit, plasma

pH, gases, strong ions, AA, and NEFA, whereas urine was analyzed for pH. The AS reduced (P < 0.01) DMI, urine and plasma pH, blood urea, partial pressure of CO(2), strong ion difference, and plasma HCO(3)(-), and increased (P < 0.01) plasma K(+), Ca(2+), and Cl(-). The AS with saline infusion selleck chemical increased (P = 0.03) partial pressure of O(2) and plasma glucose, whereas AS with Gln infusion reduced (P < 0.01) partial pressure of O2 and plasma glucose. The AS increased (P < 0.01) plasma lysine and reduced (P < 0.01) plasma taurine. Glutamine infusion increased (P = 0.04) plasma leucine with the CS treatment but had no effect (P = 0.89) with the AS treatment. Plasma 16: 0, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, and total NEFA were increased and 18:0 was decreased (P < 0.001) in AS sheep compared with CS sheep. Infusion of Gln decreased (P < 0.05) 16:0, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, and total NEFA compared with saline infusion. Plasma cis-9, trans-11 CLA was elevated (P = 0.001) in AS sheep, whereas plasma cis-9, trans-11 CLA, regardless of the diets, was decreased (P < 0.02) with Gln infusion.

It should be kept in mind if the patient complains of new onset of severe chest pain, an immediate angiography should be performed. PACE 2012; 35:e43e46)”
“We assessed the cardiovascular safety of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, using existing clinical data. Patient-level results from all completed phase 2 and 3 studies from the liraglutide clinical development programme were pooled to determine rates of major AZD7762 nmr adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke. MACE were identified by querying the study database using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terms combined

with serious adverse events recorded by study investigators. Broad, narrow, and custom groups of MedDRA queries were used. Candidate events from each query were independently adjudicated post

hoc. In 15 studies (6638 patients; 4257 liraglutide treated), there were 114 patients with MACE identified using the broad MedDRA query. Of these, 44 were classified as serious adverse events and 39 were adjudicated as MACE. The incidence ratio for adjudicated broad/serious MACE associated with liraglutide was 0.73 (95% CI 0.38-1.41) versus all comparator selleck inhibitor drugs (metformin, glimepiride, rosiglitazone, insulin glargine, placebo), within cardiovascular safety limits defined by the United States Food & Drug Administration for diabetes Danusertib supplier therapies under current investigation.”
“We describe the Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands with emphasis on the epidemiological characteristics of acute Q fever patients and the association with veterinary factors. Data from 3264 notifications for acute Q fever in the period from 2007 through 2009 were analysed. The patients most affected were men, smokers and persons aged 4060 years. Pneumonia was the most common clinical presentation (62% in 2007 and 2008). Only 3.2% of the patients were working in the agriculture sector and 0.5%

in the meat-processing industry including abattoirs. Dairy goat farms with Coxiella burnetii-induced abortion waves were mainly located in the same area where human cases occurred. Airborne transmission of contaminated dust particles from commercial dairy goat farms in densely populated areas has probably caused this epidemic. In 2010, there was a sharp decline in the number of notified cases following the implementation of control measures on dairy goat and sheep farms such as vaccination, hygiene measures and culling of pregnant animals on infected farms. In combination with a rise in the human population with antibodies against C. burnetii, these have most likely ended the outbreak. Development of chronic Q fever in infected patients remains an important problem for years to come.

This is already observed in the early stages of the disease. The disease itself influences the child’s mental state. Children on HD require special support on account of the lowest demonstrated overall HRQoL. Children’s lower rating of the quality of life observed

by their parents may render the patients unmotivated and adversely affect their adjustment to life in later years. It may also create conflicts between the parents and the children.”
“Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare recurring inflammatory disorder with variable clinical course. It has been described mainly in Caucasian population. Reports from other ethnic groups are few. We report find more seven cases of relapsing polychondritis in south Indian population. In between 1995 and 2008, seven patients fulfilling the McAdam-Damiani-Levine criteria for diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis were identified. Records pertaining

to these patients were studied and clinical presentation, course, and treatment offered were analyzed retrospectively. The female-to-male ratio in our series was 2.5:1. The age of onset of symptoms ranged from 28 to 54 years, with a mean of 40.2 years. An average of 20 months, ranging from 3 months to 6 years, elapsed before the patient presented to us seeking a diagnosis. Various structural involvement in our series were as follows: pinna in four (57%), nasal cartilage in five (71%), joints in three (43%), eyes in three (43%), laryngotracheal tree in three (43%), inner ear in one (14.3%), skin in one (14.3%), and heart in one (14.3%). Associated autoimmune diseases were present in four (57%) patients in the form of one of the following in each: vasculitis, see more autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypothyroidism,

and rheumatoid arthritis. All seven patients received prednisolone Selleck Entinostat with three of them requiring additional immunosuppressants. There was no mortality amongst the four patients who had remained on follow-up at the time of this report. Although RP is an uncommon disorder, clinicians should be aware of the manifestations so as to initiate prompt treatment and prevent complications. Our series reports less frequent auricular cartilage and skin involvement and an exceptional case of basal cell carcinoma, although the other manifestations were similar to that seen in Caucasian and other Asian populations.”
“A chemical vapor sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance was fabricated with a 10-MHz quartz crystal oscillator. The quartz crystals were coated with four newly synthesized polymers and were studied for the detection of the nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate vapor. The sensor was tested for immediate and extended periods of time. Various sensing parameters (e.g., the sensitivity, response time, and recovery time) were evaluated with respect to different coating materials. All the polymers showed fairly good baseline stability even after several cycles. The highest frequency drift of 23.

As regard the type of PD 66% were classic Whipple operations and 34% pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomies. The management of pancreatic stump was a pancreaticogastrostomy in 23%, end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy in 67%, and fibrin glue occlusion of the main pancreatic SF 1101 duct in 10% of cases. The overall procedure failure

(rates of conversion to open surgery) was 14%. The overall morbidity rate was 58% and the reoperation rate was 7.3%.

Conclusions: There have been an increasing number of recent case series suggesting increased utilization of robotic PD over the past decade. The technical approach is heterogenous. For highly selected patient, robotic PD is feasible with similar morbidity and mortality compared to open or purely laparoscopic approaches. Data on cost analysis are lacking and further studies are needed to evaluate also the cost-effectiveness of the robotic approach for PD in comparison to open or laparoscopic techniques. The current state of the art analysis on robotic DP can be also useful in planning future trials. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse eosinophilic

infiltration and necrotizing vasculitis. There are typical manifestations of longstanding rhinosinusitis and polyposis but otological manifestations are rare and characterized by dense aural discharge, granulomatous eosinophilic infiltrate in the mastoid and middle ear with conductive Syk inhibitor hearing loss, and progressive sensory neural hearing loss-all of

which are Dactolisib chemical structure not responsive to conventional treatment. We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with a rare presentation of CSS that included chronic bilateral otitis media with hearing loss and life-threatening pericardial tamponade. Treatment with pericardiocentesis, prednisone and cyclophosphamide was beneficial and resulted in an improvement of the pericardial and otological manifestations. Early recognition and treatment of otological involvement in CSS is extremely important because of the dramatic response to corticosteroids which may prevent progression of hearing loss.”
“Study Design. An in vivo study to examine the differentiation of endogenous neural progenitor cells in an adult rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Objective. To quantitatively evaluate the phenotypic fate of endogenous neural progenitor cells in post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Summary of Background Data. Although neural progenitors have been identified in the central nervous system, their differentiation in experimental post-traumatic syringomyelia and possible role in the pathophysiology of this condition have not been investigated.

Methods.

Results: Depending upon whether blood lines with a cuvette for measuring relative blood volume were used, OL-HDF was either slightly more expensive per session, by 1.16 pound, as the cost of the reinfusion line outweighed any potential savings in 0.9% saline usage, or cheaper by 0.78 pound if standard blood lines were used. Although there were initial increased costs for more frequent

testing of dialysis machine water quality. It could be argued that similar water quality is required for high-flux haemodialysis using dialysers with increased internal filtration. There was no cost saving in terms of recombinant human erythropoietin prescription, but whereas weekly phosphate binder costs increased in the high-flux haemodialysis this website cohort from 3.8 pound (range 1.9-14.8) to 5.0 pound (range 1.9-21.3; p=0.01), costs did not change with OL-HDF (3.8 pound, range 1.9-11.9).

Conclusion: Depending upon the choice of blood lines, OL-HDF was either a slightly more expensive or a cheaper treatment per session compared with high-flux haemodialysis in our centre. Treatment with OL-HDF also led to modest cost savings on phosphate binders.”
“Objective: Cartilage injury can lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Immediate post-trauma cellular and structural changes are not widely understood. Furthermore, current cellular-resolution find more cartilage

imaging techniques require sectioning of cartilage and/or use of dyes not suitable for patient imaging. In this study, we used multiphoton microscopy (MPM) data SAR302503 with FDA-approved sodium fluorescein to identify and evaluate the pattern of chondrocyte death after traumatic injury.

Method: Mature equine

distal metacarpal or metatarsal osteochondral blocks (OCBs) were injured by 30 MPa compressive loading delivered over 1 s. Injured and control sites were imaged unfixed and in situ 1 h post-injury with sodium fluorescein using rasterized z-scanning. MPM data was quantified in MATLAB, reconstructed in 3-D, and projected in 2-D to determine the damage pattern.

Results: MPM images (600 per sample) were reconstructed and analyzed for cell death. The overall distribution of cell death appeared to cluster into circular (n = 7) or elliptical (n = 4) patterns (p = 0.006). Dead cells were prevalent near cracks in the matrix, with only 263% (SE = 5.0%, p < 0.0001) of chondrocytes near cracks being viable.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the first application of MPM for evaluating cellular-scale cartilage injury in situ in live tissue, with clinical potential for detecting early cartilage damage. With this technique, we were able to uniquely observe two death patterns resulting from the same compressive loading, which may be related to local variability in matrix structure. These results also demonstrate proof-of-concept MPM diagnostic use in detecting subtle and early cartilage damage not detectable in any other way. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International.

Delayed atrophy of the dentate nucleus is the likely cause of the ataxic phenotype of FRDA in late-onset cases, but the reason for the delay is unknown. Frataxin levels in the dentate nucleus of two patients with late onset were similar to those of seven patients with juvenile TGF-beta family onset.”
“To evaluate the relationship between oocyte dysmorphisms and IMSI outcomes

Data of IMSI cycles performed in 332 patients were included in this study. Patients were included only if presented

more than four and less than 30 oocytes upon oocyte retrieval. Patients who underwent IMSI were matched, concerning female age and sperm parameters, with patients who underwent ICSI in the same period (n = Compound C cost 332). The two groups (ICSI and IMSI) were compared with regard to treatment outcomes. The influence of IMSI on fertilization and embryo quality on D3 and D5, when oocyte dysmorphisms were present was analyzed.

A total of 6444 oocytes were morphologically evaluated and injected. Regardless of the oocyte quality, IMSI performance was a determinant of the increased odds of development to high quality embryo on D3 (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.54-2.56) and D5 (OR: 3.27; CI: 1.61-6.66).

The selection of a morphologically normal spermatozoon under high-magnification is associated with increased embryo quality, regardless

of the oocyte morphology. The injection of a spermatozoon, selected under high-magnification, into ABT-737 mouse a morphologically normal oocyte leads to the highest probability of developing high quality embryos.”
“The potential clinical application of Bacillus pumilus cytotoxic ribonuclease (binase) for selectively inducing the death of tumor cells makes it imperative to investigate its effect on the normal human microflora. Flow cytometry was used to determine that binase concentration causing the apoptosis of cancer cells had no effect of the viability of Escherichia coli K12. The changes in the paramagnetic centers of E. coli K12 cells in the presence of nontoxic binase concentrations revealed by EPR spectroscopy

included higher EPR signals from iron-containing proteins (including those from the Fe-S clusters) and of the Mn(II) hyperfine structure. The TMTH spin probe (N-(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-il)-2-methylpropanamide hydrochloride) was used to reveal a twofold increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, which induced oxidative stress in the enzyme-treated bacteria. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed elevated contents of alkaline (Li, Na, K), alkali earth (Mg, Ca), transition (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), and post-transition metals (Bi, Pb) in the cells. Elevated levels of Cu and Zn (which impair the activity of the respiratory chain enzymes) and of Mn, which is known as a superoxide dismutase cofactor, confirmed development of the oxidative stress in bacteria.

In the demonstrated research work, a benignant series of chlorinated coumarins was synthesized and screened against different enzymes. First, 6-Chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one

(3) was geared up by the reaction of 4-chlororesorcinol (1) and ethyl acetoacetate (2) in the presence of concentrated H2SO4. Second, various O-substituted derivatives of chlorinated coumarins, were set up by pairing different alkyl/aralkyl halides, 4a-j, with 3 in the presence of NaH in DMF as solvent. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were clarified through spectral analysis using EI-MS, IR and H-1-NMR. The different enzymes used selleck chemicals for the evaluation of bioactivity of all the synthesized compounds were acetyl cholinesterase (AChE),

butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). The most proficient activity was shown against both cholinesterase enzymes.”
“Background and objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the direct medical costs of COPD in two public health clusters in Singapore from 2005 to 2009.

Methods: Patients aged 40 years and over, who had been diagnosed with COPD, were identified in a Chronic Disease Management Data-mart. Annual utilization of health services in inpatient, specialist outpatient, emergency department Selleck Vorinostat and primary care settings was extracted from the Chronic Disease Management Data-mart. Trends in attributable costs, proportions of costs and health-care utilization were analyzed click here across each level of care. A weighted attribution approach was used to allocate costs to each healthcare

utilization episode, depending on the relevance of co-morbidities.

Results: The mean total cost was approximately $9.9 million per year. Inpatient admissions were the major cost driver, contributing an average of $7.2 million per year. The proportion of hospitalization costs declined from 75% in 2005 to 68% in 2009. Based on the 5-year average, attendances at primary care clinics, emergency department and specialist clinics contributed 3%, 5% and 17%, respectively, of overallCOPDcosts. On average, 42% of the total cost burden was incurred for the medical management of COPD. The share of cost incurred for the treatment of conditions related and unrelated to COPD were 29% and 26%, respectively, of the total average costs.

Conclusions: COPD is likely to represent a significant burden to the public health system in most countries. The findings are particularly relevant to understanding the allocation of health-care resources and informing appropriate cost containment strategies.”
“Objective: To evaluate the short-term impact of intravitreal ranibizumab injection on axial ocular dimension (AOD) and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: A total of 31 patients who received 0.05 mL intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI) for age-related macular degeneration and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. AODs i.e.

One hundred twelve patients (76 men, 36 LY3039478 concentration women; age range, 25-88 years; mean age, 58.1 years) underwent MR imaging of

113 renal masses (mean diameter, 5.4 cm) with pathologic diagnoses of clear cell (n = 75), papillary (n = 28), or chromophobe (n = 10) RCC. A 1.5-T clinical MR protocol was used before and after (corticomedullary and nephrographic phases) intravenous administration of contrast agent. Region-of-interest measurements within tumor and uninvolved renal cortex were used to calculate percentage signal intensity change and tumor-to-cortex enhancement index. Subtype groups were compared by using linear mixed-effects models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the comparison of clear cell and papillary RCCs.

Results: On both the corticomedullary and nephrographic

phase images, clear cell RCCs showed greater signal intensity change (205.6% and 247.1%, respectively) than did papillary RCCs (32.1% and 96.6%, respectively) (P < .001). Chromophobe RCCs showed intermediate change (109.9% and 192.5%, respectively). The tumor-to-cortex enhancement indexes at corticomedullary and nephrographic phases were largest for clear cell RCCs (1.4 and 1.2, respectively), smallest for papillary Fedratinib order RCCs (0.2 and 0.4, respectively), and intermediate for chromophobe RCCs (0.6 and 0.8, respectively). Signal intensity changes on corticomedullary phase images were the most effective parameter for distinguishing clear cell and papillary RCC (area under ROC curve, 0.99); a threshold value of 84% permitted distinction with 93% sensitivity

and 96% specificity.

Conclusion: Clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs demonstrate different patterns of enhancement on two-time point clinical dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images, allowing their differentiation with high sensitivity and specificity. (c) RSNA, 2009″
“The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a SB203580 research buy crucial event that occurs during cancer metastasis and can be induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in various tumor cells in vitro. However, little is known about the effects of TGF-beta in canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs). Here, we investigated the role of TGF-beta in CMGT. We observed that treatment of the CMGT cell line CHMp13a with TGF-beta 1 leads to transient induction of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Real-time measurements of cellular electrical impedance also showed that CMGT invasiveness is transiently increased by TGF-beta 1 treatment, but is reversed after prolonged stimulation. This phenomenon is similar to the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET, the reverse phenomenon of EMT), and a process that is implicated in the establishment of secondary metastatic lesions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.