Simultaneously, computerized analysis NVP-AUY922 manufacturer was carried out on the same sections. Poor agreement among pathologists was found regarding the assessment of total steatosis. The pathologists’ estimation of micro- and macrosteatosis also disclosed poor correlation. Poor conformity was also shown between the computerized quantification and ratings of three pathologists. Therefore, at present the quantity of fatty livers lack accepted standards. The computerized image analysis programs should be used to automate the determination of fat

content in liver biopsy specimens. ANTI-HBC POSITIVE DONORS were defined as donors with antibodies against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc), but hepatitis

B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative.[21] Anti-HBc positive liver donors frequently have occult HBV infection, namely, persistent liver and/or serum HBV DNA without serological evidence of active HBV infection (negative HBsAg with or without positive anti-HBs).[22] The prevalence of anti-HBc is lower in developed countries, ranging 3–15%, but it may exceed 50% in highly endemic areas.[22] In countries with high HBV prevalence, such as China, these donors represent a significant source of transplantable organs. Liver grafts from anti-HBc positive donors can be safely used in recipients without increasing mortality or graft loss. The major limitation of using these donors is the risk of de novo post-LT HBV infection, because occult

HBV infection in the donor liver may be reactivated in the recipient due to post-LT immunosuppressive Ulixertinib concentration therapy. The rate of de novo hepatitis B was 58%, 18% and 4% in HBV naïve recipients, recipients with HBs antibody (HBsAb) positivity, and recipients with both HBsAb and HBc antibody (HBcAb) positivity who did not receive prophylaxis, respectively.[23] Fortunately, the use of post-transplant prophylaxis with lamivudine and/or hepatitis B immunoglobulin selleck (HBIg) appears to offer satisfactory protection. Lamivudine and/or HBIg reduced de novo hepatitis B to 11%, 0% and 3% in HBV naïve recipients, recipients with HBsAb positivity, and recipients with both HBsAb and HBcAb positivity, respectively.[22, 23] The use of HBsAg positive liver donors in liver transplants is controversial. HBsAg positive allografts deserve consideration when no other organ is available in a suitable waiting time. Ju et al.[24] reported LT from anti-HBc+/HBsAg+ donors into recipients with end-stage liver disease secondary to HBV infection. Twenty-one patients were followed for 9–38 months after transplant. All patients remained HBsAg positive. There were 18 patients (78%) who survived and 17 grafts (74%) that survived. Saidi et al.[25] reviewed the outcome of 92 LT (HBV related or HBV unrelated disease) using allografts from HBsAg positive donors in the USA (1990–2009).