Short-toed eagles tended to forage for longer as the breeding sea

Short-toed eagles tended to forage for longer as the breeding season progressed, peaking during August due to additional food requirements before autumn migration. Following a mixed foraging strategy throughout the breeding season, short-toed eagles increased their hunting efficiency, which may benefit increased breeding success and energy reserves for migration. “
“Mountain gazelle Gazella

MI-503 nmr gazella in Saudi Arabia are listed as ‘vulnerable’ by the IUCN. At present, the species’ survival is secured by extensive captive-breeding programmes and reintroductions into protected areas. Two reintroduction attempts (Ibex Reserve and Uruq Bani Ma’Arid protected areas) in Saudi Arabia have been undertaken in the past two decades. Post-monitoring of released individuals is essential

for the success of such reintroduction programmes; however, cryptic species like mountain gazelles are extremely difficult to observe directly. As radio-tracking is a cost-intensive and invasive post-monitoring technique, we asked: how can reintroduced or remnant pockets of natural gazelle populations be monitored indirectly? Here, we propose the use of latrine mapping as an effective, cost-efficient and non-invasive tool to survey the social organization of reintroduced Pifithrin-�� purchase mountain gazelles as an indicator for repatriation success. In this study, we used released radio-collared animals to characterize the spatial distribution of latrines within female group home ranges. Distance to the next latrine, latrine size, as well as numbers of fresh faecal pellet groups per latrine or presence of urination marks were used as dependent variables for step-wise backward multiple regressions

and were correlated with various ecological factors. Most dependent Dimethyl sulfoxide variables were correlated with distance or direction from the nearest tree, but not indicative of home-range cores. Only latrine densities were distinctly higher in core areas of female group home ranges, and no pattern of peripheral marking was detected. Hence, latrine density is a good indicator of home-range use in female group home ranges. Mapping latrines and determining latrine densities are therefore the methods of choice to survey mountain gazelle populations. “
“Little is known about egg dormancy in tardigrades, except for their ability to survive desiccated for a long time. Our previous analyses of the life-history traits of a reared strain of the leaf litter-dwelling eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi revealed a variation in hatching phenology, suggesting the presence of diapause (resting) eggs in tardigrades.

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