It is the first report that SRAP markers were adapted for species characterization in Fusarium isolates. “
“To facilitate resistance gene characterization in the present study, the pathogenicities of newly collected blast isolates from rice fields in the Philippines

were characterized using international blast differential varieties consisting of 31 monogenic lines that target 24 resistance genes. To classify and designate the blast isolates, we used a new international blast designation system, which has been proposed as a suitable naming system for comparing blast races among different studies. A total of 23 rice blast isolates collected selleck from the Philippines were classified into 16 pathotypes, which showed reaction patterns different from those seen in the standard isolates. Among the blast pathotypes, 11 had differentiating ability for four Pik alleles

(Pik, Pik-m, Pik-h, and Pik-p) and Pi1, whereas the standard blast isolates from the Philippines were not able to differentiate these genes. In addition, several blast isolates were avirulent to IRBLt-K59, IRBL19-A, and Lijiangxintuanheigu, although the standard differential blast isolates were virulent to these lines. Moreover, two blast isolates were virulent to a monogenic line, IRBL9-W, which harbours Pi9 and was resistant to all standard differential blast isolates. By using the isolates avirulent see more to IRBL19-A, Pi19(t) was successfully mapped in the centromeric region on chromosome 12 with simple sequence repeat markers RM27937 and RM1337. These markers are useful for marker-assisted Pi19(t) introgression worldwide. “
“Sixty isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from Cuban bean fields during the period 2004–2007. Isolates were characterized with different techniques, including nuclei staining, pectic zymogram, PCR–RFLP

analysis of the rDNA–ITS region and sequencing of the rDNA–ITS region. The majority of the isolates were identified as multinucleate Dimethyl sulfoxide Rhizoctonia solani isolates, representing two different anastomosis groups (AGs), AG 2-2 WB and AG 4 HGI; the remaining isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates and belonged to AG F and AG A. AG 4 HGI isolates were equally distributed in all soil types; AG 2-2 isolates were more frequently isolated from cambisols, whereas AG F isolates were related to calcisols. Pathogenicity experiments in vitro and in the greenhouse, revealed that binucleate isolates only caused root rot, whereas R. solani isolates were able to cause root rot and hypocotyl rot. Furthermore, differences in virulence level were observed between R. solani and binucleate isolates and among different AGs. Isolates of R. solani AG 4 HGI and R. solani AG 2-2 WB were the most aggressive, binucleate isolates of AG F were intermediate aggressive, whereas a binucleate isolate of AG A was weakly aggressive. In contrast with other reports about R. solani in bean, web blight symptoms were never observed during this study.