All bees in our study had personal information that one species of artificial flower was rewarding, and bees in the scent group then experienced social information about an alternative-scented species inside the nest, while a control group did not. On their next foraging bout, bees in

both groups overwhelmingly used personal information when deciding where to forage. When bees subsequently learnt that the rewards offered by their preferred species had dwindled, bees that had social information were no quicker to abandon their personal information than selleckchem control bees, but once they had sampled the alternative flowers, they showed greater commitment to that species than control bees. Thus, we found no evidence that social information is particularly important when personal information fails to produce rewards (a “copy when established behaviour is unproductive” strategy). Instead, bees used social information specifically

to complement personal information.”
“Protein arrays are typically made by random absorption of proteins to the array surface, potentially limiting the amount learn more of properly oriented and functional molecules. We report the development of a DNA encoded antibody microarray utilizing site-specific antibody oligonucleotide conjugates that can be used for cell immobilization as well as the detection of genes and proteins. This technology allows for the facile generation of antibody SHP099 ic50 microarrays while circumventing many of the drawbacks of conventionally produced antibody arrays.

We demonstrate that this method can be used to capture and detect SK-BR-3 cells (Her2+ breast cancer cells) at concentrations as low as 10(2) cells/mL (which is equivalent to 10 cells per 100 mu L array) without the use of microfluidics, which is 100- to 10(5)-fold more sensitive than comparable techniques. Additionally, the method was shown to be able to detect cells in a complex mixture, effectively immobilizing and specifically detecting Her2+ cells at a concentration of 10(2) SK-BR-3 cells/mL in 4 x 10(6) white blood cells/mL. Patients with a variety of cancers can have circulating tumor cell counts of between 1 and 10(3) cells/mL in whole blood, well within the range of this technology.”
“Mitochondria play key roles in essential cellular functions, such as energy production, metabolic pathways and aging. Growth factor-mediated expression of the mitochondria] OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) complex proteins has been proposed to play a fundamental role in metabolic homeostasis. Although protein translation is affected by general RNA-binding proteins, very little is known about the mechanism involved in mitochondrial OXPHOS protein translation.