These results are similar or superior to conventional surgical approaches. Blumenthal et al. [35], as a part of the Charit�� artificial lumbar disc kinase inhibitor Paclitaxel Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigation, reported a 47.6% improvement in low back pain at 24 months postoperative in the ALIF fusion control group with a 41.5% improvement in ODI. Similar results were seen in ALIF by Kuslich et al. [36] in 1998, showing an improvement of 42% in pain and 31.5% in disability at 24 months postoperatively.In the current series, the relatively lower early fusion rate seen in standalone cases may suggest an extended healing period due to the less-rigid segmental environment to promote fusion [37]. While this has yet to be formally studied, several studies of standalone XLIF show that some consistency with this notion though, also of note, is that progression to complete fusion does generally occur [38�C41].
5. ConclusionIn summary, these data represent generally superior treatment (blood loss and operative time), clinical (pain, disability, and quality of life), and fusion rates using the XLIF approach compared to conventional surgical approaches with substantially lowered complication rates. With specific training, mentor supervision for early cases, and strict adherence to surgical technique including neuromonitoring, surgeons can anticipate low perioperative morbidity even in the early period following the adoption of the approach.Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Kyle Malone, MS for his editorial and statistical assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
No funds were received in support of this work, and no conflict of interests with any commercial party related to this manuscript exist with any of the authors.
As a family of man-made chemical compounds, phthalates are a standard component of modern day plastics and are specifically used to create plastic products that are soft and malleable. First developed in the 1920s, some phthalates have also been found to maintain color and scent in various mediums and are thus used in a wide variety of consumer goods including Dacomitinib fragrances, paints, and nail polish. As a result, production of phthalate compounds has exploded over the last half century and they have increasingly been incorporated into assorted household and medical materials [1]. Often referred to as plasticizers, phthalates can be found in medical devices such as intravenous tubing and blood collection bags. Moreover, they are extensively used in plastic wrapping for food and beverage packaging, and are a ubiquitous component of soft plastic toys as well as various other products including vinyl floor tiles, shower curtains, synthetic leather, cosmetics, shopping bags, and pharmaceuticals [2�C5].