The responses to the sequences with deviant probability of 5% are presented in the left column of Figure 4. In the LFP recordings (Figure 4B, left), the responses to standard tones in the Random condition were mostly Fulvestrant mouse larger than in the Periodic condition (99/124 frequencies and recording locations, 80%). Furthermore, the average response to standards in the Random condition was larger than the response to standards in the Periodic condition (one-tailed

paired t test, t = 6.88, df = 123, p = 1.94∗10−10). While only a minority of the individual cases showed significant difference between the responses to standards in the two conditions, in most (34/40) of these cases the response to the standard in the Random condition was larger than in the Periodic condition. Although the tests Hydroxychloroquine purchase were not corrected for multiple comparisons, note that at a significance level of 5%, about 6/124 cases are expected to be detected by chance, much less than the 40 recording locations that were actually found. Similar results were found for the MUA (Figure 4A,

left): a majority of the cases (60/85, 71%) had larger responses in the Random than in the Periodic condition. The average response was significantly larger in the Random condition as well (one-tailed paired t test, t = 5.33, df = 98, p = 6.18∗10−7). Moreover, most of the individual (21/23) data points that had a significant difference (p < next 0.05) between the responses in the two conditions showed larger responses in the Random condition. There were again a substantially larger number of recording locations with significant differences than expected by chance for a test with a significance level of 5% (about 4/85). In contrast, the responses to the deviants did not show a consistent effect of sequence

type (Figures 4C and 4D, left). About half of the recordings showed responses that were larger in the Random than in the Periodic condition (LFP: 66/138, MUA: 36/81). In addition, the average responses were not different from each other (LFP: paired t test, t = 0.82, df = 153, p = 0.41; MUA: paired t test, t = −0.21, df = 94, p = 0.83). Finally, individual points with significant differences between the Random and Periodic responses were about equally divided above and below the diagonal (LFP: 13/21 Random > Periodic; MUA: 6/14 Random > Periodic). In conclusion, MUA and LFP responses to the standard tones showed the same tendencies as the intracellular responses when the deviant probability was 5%: the responses to standards were larger in the Random than in the Periodic condition. On the other hand, the responses to the deviants, while being possibly affected to a small extent by the type of the sequence, did not show a consistent effect. The tendencies we observed depended on the probability of the deviants. These effects can be seen in Figure 4 and are quantified in Tables 1 and 2.