The accession x salinity interaction was significant for all traits. Root length had higher heritability than other traits and was used as a selection criterion to identify salt-tolerant and -non-tolerant accessions. On the basis of root length, accessions LA2661, CLN2498A, CLN1621L, BL1176, 6233, and 17870 were considered to be more tolerant than accessions 17902, LO2875 and LO4360. The degree of salt tolerance was checked by analyzing K+ and Na+ concentrations and K+/Na+ ratio in tissues of plants treated with 10 and 15 Selleck BMS-777607 dS/m salinity levels. Tolerance of these accessions to salinity was most associated with low accumulation of Na+ and higher K+/Na+ ratios.”
“Single crystalline FeMn/Co

bilayers were grown epitaxially on Cu (001) and investigated by magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). By doing the MOKE measurement within a rotating magnetic field, we were able to retrieve quantitatively the anisotropy constant of the ferromagnetic Co layer. We show unambiguously that as the FeMn layer changes from paramagnetic (PM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) check details states, it enhances the interfacial magnetic anisotropy at the FeMn/Co interface by an order of magnitude. A thickness dependent

study of the magnetic anisotropy constant revealed that this induced magnetic anisotropy may originate from the FeMn/Co interfacial spin frustration. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489985]“
“Gene families are an important and intrinsic trait of rhizobial species. These gene copies can participate in non-reciprocal recombination events, also called gene conversions. Gene conversion has diverse roles, but it is usually implicated in the evolution of multigene families. Here, we searched for gene conversions in multigene families of six representative Selleck CA4P rhizobial genomes. We identified

11 gene families with different numbers of copies, genome location and function in CFN42 and CIAT652 strains of Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium sp NGR234, Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099, Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110. Gene conversions were detected by phylogenetic inference in the nifD and nifK gene families in R. etli. Sequence analysis confirmed multiple gene conversions in these two gene families. We suggest that gene conversion events have an important role in homogenizing multigene families in rhizobia.”
“Molecular dynamics simulation is applied in analyzing quantitatively the dynamic phase transformation of crystalline silicon under the dry and wet impact, respectively. At the impact loading stage, the phase transformation between fourfold silicon atoms and fivefold or threefold silicon atoms is affected only by the local pressure. The influence of the local temperature or the contact area on the phase transformation will emerge from the impact unloading stage.