Ten or more falls were reported by 7 participants in period A, 3 participants in period B, and only 1 participant in period C. The proportion of fallers was significantly lower in period C (see table 1). Eighteen participants reported no falls or only 1 fall during period A, while the corresponding numbers in later periods were 20 during period B and 25 during period C. There were significant improvements in balance on the Berg Balance Scale, Four Square Step test, TUGcognitive test, and Functional Gait Assessment when comparing tests preintervention and directly after the intervention was completed (t0-t1), and preintervention and at 7 weeks postintervention

(t0-t2) (table 2). The benefits in the improvements were maintained at follow-up 7 weeks after completion of the intervention. There were no differences between these test 3-Methyladenine occasions for the MSWS-12 (P<.26), ABC Scale (P<.14), TUG test (P=.035),

or sit-to-stand test (P=.73). Adverse effects and treatment complications were systematically measured by the physiotherapists in charge of the intervention. Two participants fell while performing more challenging standing and walking activities on their own initiative. There were no injuries. This study, using prospectively reported falls, shows that the CoDuSe program can reduce falls in people with mild to moderate MS. These findings are important, particularly selleck given the commonness of falls that may lead to injuries.7, 16, 29 and 30 The results are in line with previously published research21, 23 and 53 providing evidence that targeted physiotherapy interventions can positively affect falls in PwMS.21, 23 and 53 The CoDuSe program also produced improvements in balance performance, and the results were buy Nutlin-3 maintained at the 7-week follow-up. The conservative statistical approach, with correction for multiple comparisons, strengthens the likelihood that the results are valid. Still, the intervention did not

alter balance confidence. One possible explanation for this could be that the intervention was held indoors in a safe and supervised environment, while falls in everyday life occur in a number of different settings, including outdoors.8 Another explanation could be that the intervention period was insufficiently long for the participants to become more confident in performing activities. There is conflicting evidence on the ability of the ABC Scale to capture changes produced by an intervention.21 and 54 Modification of existing scales to better address the MS population may be necessary to capture changes produced by interventions such as the Falls Efficacy Scale–International.27 Finally, filling in a fall diary may have increased participants’ awareness of the risk of falling.