PLoS Pathog 2011,7(7):e1002104 PubMedCrossRef 21 Evans RC, Holme

PLoS Pathog 2011,7(7):e1002104.PubMedCrossRef 21. Evans RC, Holmes CJ: Effect of vancomycin hydrochloride on LY2874455 Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm associated with silicone elastomer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 1987,31(6):889–894.CrossRef 22. Prosser BL, Taylor D, Dix BA, Cleeland R: Method of evaluating effects of antibiotics on bacterial biofilm. Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 1987,31(10):1502–1506.CrossRef selleck 23. Ceri H, Olson ME, Stremick C, Read RR, Morck

D, Buret A: The Calgary Biofilm Device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol 1999,37(6):1771–1776.PubMed 24. Pitz AM, Yu F, Hermsen ED, Rupp ME, Fey PD, Olsen KM: Vancomycin susceptibility trends and prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in clinical methicillin-resistant

S. aureus isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2011,49(1):269–274.PubMedCrossRef 25. Adair CG, Gorman SP, Feron BM, Byers LM, Jones DS, Goldsmith CE, Moore JE, Kerr JR, Curran MD, Hogg G, et al.: Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1999,25(10):1072–1076.PubMedCrossRef 26. Wang R, Khan BA, Cheung GY, Bach TH, Jameson-Lee M, Kong KF, Queck SY, Otto M: Staphylococcus epidermidis surfactant peptides promote biofilm maturation and dissemination of biofilm-associated infection in mice. J Clin Invest 2011,121(1):238–248.PubMedCrossRef Selleck Eltanexor 27. Boles BR, Horswill AR: Staphylococcal

biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol 2011,19(9):449–455.PubMedCrossRef 28. Otto M: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis see more peptide pheromones produced by the accessory gene regulator agr system. Peptides 2001,22(10):1603–1608.PubMedCrossRef 29. Vuong C, Kocianova S, Yao Y, Carmody AB, Otto M: Increased colonization of indwelling medical devices by quorum-sensing mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vivo. J Infect Dis 2004,190(8):1498–1505.PubMedCrossRef 30. Moore PC, Lindsay JA: Genetic variation among hospital isolates of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for horizontal transfer of virulence genes. J Clin Microbiol 2001,39(8):2760–2767.PubMedCrossRef 31. Boles BR, Horswill AR: Agr-mediated dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. PLoS Pathog 2008,4(4):e1000052.PubMedCrossRef 32. Rice KC, Mann EE, Endres JL, Weiss EC, Cassat JE, Smeltzer MS, Bayles KW: The cidA murein hydrolase regulator contributes to DNA release and biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007,104(19):8113–8118.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests All authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: LY, ZQ and SM. Performed the experiments: LD, LY, VJF and ZQ. Analyzed the data: LD and ZQ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VJF, CP and SM.

Comments are closed.