Nevertheless, experimental SB203580 p38-MAPK cancer treatment including surgical resection combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (1) is generally being followed. In conclusion, when a large, demarcated, and heterogeneous hypervascular hepatic mass with liquescent necrosis or hemorrhage is found even in an infant, malignancy should be highly suspected. We must keep in mind the tentative differential diagnosis of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma despite of its rarity. Estimating imaging characteristics and tumor extent in detail will be beneficial for making a proper evaluation and management. Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Eagle’s syndrome, also known as elongated styloid process, is an entity that may be the source of craniofacial and cervical pain and is due to an elongated styloid process (1). Its diagnosis may be difficult because of similarities with other disorders but can be confirmed by clinical and radiological examinations. Case report A 30-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of right submandibular pain and swelling, as well as sore throat prominent on the right side of the pharynx, and difficulty in swallowing solid foods. On clinical examination she had referred pain on bilateral palpation of the oropharynx. Cervical ultrasonographic evaluation was unremarkable. Eagle’s syndrome was suspected. A cervical lateral radiograph showed an elongated styloid process (Fig. 1). Computed tomography (CT) with axial (Fig. 2), coronal (Fig. 3), and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendering CT images (Fig.

4) showed complete ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments with pseudoarticulations. A lateral neck radiograph showed calcifications from the base of the skull to the hyoid bone. An external approach for the removal of the styloid processes was planned and resulted in complete relief of the patient’s symptoms. Fig. 1 Lateral view plain radiograph of the cervical spine shows a large ossified structure extending from the base of the skull anterolaterally and caudally to the hyoid bone Fig. 2 Axial CT image showing a bilateral neck calcification extending from the base of the skull to the hyoid bone Fig. 3 Coronal CT image shows ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments with pseudoarticulations Fig.

4 3D volume-rendering reconstruction of a computed tomogram shows ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments Anacetrapib from the base of the skull to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone Discussion The styloid process is an elongated conical projection of the temporal bone that lies anteriorly to the mastoid process, between the internal and external carotid arteries. It forms with the stylohyoid ligament and the small horn of the hyoid bone the stylohyoid apparatus which is derived from the cartilage of Reichert of the second brachial arch (2). Three muscles originate from the styloid process: the styloglossal, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeous.