Microscopic hematuria identified during a routine physical examination by the pediatrician is much more common than macroscopic hematuria. Persistent AL3818 microscopic hematuria is particularly worrisome and may require a percutaneous needle core kidney biopsy to determine whether the etiology is secondary to glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial disease, urinary tract infection, urinary tract structural abnormalities, medications, or toxins. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathologic features, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome of familial hematuria (Alport syndrome [hereditary nephritis]), thin basement membrane nephropathy), IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein

purpura, and acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.”
“Background: Intramyocardialhemorrhage

(IMH) reflects severe reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. Non-invasive detection of IMH by cardiovascular magnetic resonance PR-171 solubility dmso (CMR) may serve as a surrogate marker to evaluate the effect of preventive measures to reduce reperfusion injury and hence provide additional prognostic information. We sought to investigate whether IMH could be detected by CMR exploiting the T1 shortening effect of methemoglobin in an experimental model of acute myocardial infarction. The results were compared to T2-weighthed short tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR), and T2*-weighted(T2*W) sequences.

Methods and results: IMH was induced in ten 40 kg pigs by 50-min balloon occlusion of the mid LAD followed by reperfusion. Between 4-9 days (average 4.8) post-injury, the left ventricular myocardium was assessed

by T1-weigthed Inversion Recovery(T1W-IR), Small molecule library T2-STIR, and T2*Wsequences. All CMR images were matched to histopathology and compared with the area of IMH. The difference between the size of the IMH area detected on T1W-IR images and pathology was -1.6 +/- 11.3% (limits of agreement, -24%-21%), for the T2*W images the difference was -0.1 +/- 18.3% (limitsof agreement, -36.8%-36.6%), and for T2-STIR the difference was 8.0 +/- 15.5% (limits of agreement, -23%-39%). By T1W IR the diagnostic sensitivity of IMH was 90% and specificity 70%, for T2*W imaging the sensitivity was 70% and specificity 50%, and for T2-STIR sensitivity for imaging IMH was 50% and specificity 60%.

Conclusion: T1-weigthednon-contrast enhanced CMR detects IMH with high sensitivity and specificity and may become a diagnostic tool for detection of IMH in patients with myocardial infarction.”
“Cases of retained products of conception (RPOC) with marked vascularity present a clinical challenge because simple dilation and curettage (D&C) can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. We describe here two cases of hypervascular RPOC that were successfully managed with two different approaches. Case 1: A 26-year-old woman with history of 3 D&Cs was transported to the emergency room for heavy vaginal bleeding 45 days after a spontaneous abortion.