Methods Participants Fourteen healthy untrained males (22.1 ± 2.3 yrs, 173 ± 7.7 cm, 76.2 ± 9.3 kg) volunteered for this study. Descriptive characteristics of the participants are presented in table 1. To meet the criteria the men (a) were non-smokers; (b) had not participated in resistance-training, or any form of structured exercise, for at least six months; (c) had not ingested any ergogenic supplement for a 24-week period

prior to the start of supplementation; and (d) agreed not to ingest any other nutritional supplements, or non-prescription drugs that may affect muscle re-growth during the study. In addition, participants agreed to refrain from using any remedy (i.e. massage, ultrasound etc.) for muscle soreness other than

consumption of the supplement STA-9090 chemical structure given; and agreed not to participate in any form of physical activity 2 weeks prior to supplementation and during the 2 week recovery period. All participants were informed verbally, as well as in writing, as to the objectives of the experiments, together with the potential associated risks. All participants signed an informed consent document approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Victoria University of Australia. All procedures conformed to National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for the ethical conduct of research involving humans. Table 1 Participant baseline buy KU-57788 characteristics Characteristics CHO Cr-CHO P-value Age (yrs) 21.7 ± 3 22.6 ± 2 0.52 Weight (kg) 74.4 ± 7 77.9 ± 12 0.51 Leg Press 1 RM (kg) 85.9 ± 16 83.62 ± 15 0.80 Leg selleck Extension 1 RM (kg) 40 ± 10 36.4 ± 10 0.49 Leg Flexion 1 RM (kg) Extension 26.8 ± 16 34.1 ± 13 0.35 Data are means ± standard deviations of mean. SI unit conversion factor: 1 kg = 2.2 lbs Experimental design All procedures were completed at the Human Performance Laboratory at Victoria University. Two weeks prior to baseline testing, participants underwent

1 repetition maximum (RM) strength assessments on the dominant limb and a familiarisation session of the equipment that would be utilized to assess muscle performance. The dominant limb would undergo the damage O-methylated flavonoid protocol, while the contralateral limb served as the control. Participants were randomised in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion into 2 groups: carbohydrate-only (CHO) (n = 7) or Cr-carbohydrate (Cr-CHO) (n = 7), and issued with their supplement and dosing instructions. On day 1, participants arrived at the laboratory in the morning and underwent baseline performance assessments and blood sampling. Participant’s then underwent catherization of the forearm vein and performed an exercise session designed to cause damage to the knee extensor and flexor muscles. Blood samples were taken at 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 4 hours following the bout of exercise.