In addition, genes for key enzymes involved in cell wall degradation and carotenoid development pathways were down-regulated. Hexanal treatment significantly down-regulated ACC-synthase, and to a lesser extent, other components of ethylene signal transduction. By contrast to MCP-treated fruits, hexanal-treated

fruits gradually ripened and showed higher levels of lycopene and beta-carotene. GC MS analysis of volatiles showed a higher level of major volatile components in hexanal-treated fruits. Similarities in the modulation of gene expression by hexanal and 1-MCP suggest that hexanal, in addition to being a PLD inhibitor, may also act as a weak ethylene inhibitor. (C) learn more 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“P>Cellular patterning and differentiation in plants depend on the balance of asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Patterning of the male gametophyte (pollen grains) in flowering plants requires asymmetric division of the microspore followed by a symmetric division of the germ cell to produce three highly differentiated cells: a single vegetative cell and two sperm cells. In Arabidopsis sidecar pollen (scp) mutants a proportion of microspores first divide symmetrically, and then go on to produce ‘four-celled’

pollen with an extra vegetative cell; however, details of the timing and origin of phenotypic defects in scp and the identity of the SCP gene have remained obscure. Comparative analysis of the original hypomorphic https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html scp-1 allele and a T-DNA-induced null allele, scp-2, revealed that in the absence of SCP, microspores undergo normal A-1210477 nuclear positioning, but show delayed entry into mitosis, increased cell expansion and alterations in the orientation of nuclear division. We identified the SCP gene to encode a male gametophyte-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-like (LBD/ASL) protein that is expressed in microspore nuclei in a tightly regulated phase-specific manner. Therefore,

our study demonstrates that the correct patterning of male gametophyte depends on the activity of a nuclear LBD/ASL family protein that is essential for the correct timing and orientation of asymmetric microspore division.”
“Induction therapy with alemtuzumab (C-1H) prior to cardiac transplantation (CTX) may allow for lower intensity maintenance immunosuppression. This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent CTX at a single institution from January 2001 until April 2009 and received no induction versus induction with C-1H on a background of tacrolimus and mycophenolate. Those with C-1H received dose-reduced calcineurin inhibitor and no steroids. A total of 220 patients were included, 110 received C-1H and 110 received no induction. Recipient baseline characteristics, donor age and gender were not different between the two groups. Mean tacrolimus levels (ng/mL) for C-1H versus no induction: months 1-3 (8.5 vs. 12.9), month 4-6 (10.2 vs. 13.0), month 7-9 (10.2 vs. 11.