However, radioresistance occurs in nearly 30% of patients treated with potentially curative doses. Therapeutic synergy between radiotherapy and androgen ablation treatment provides a promising strategy for improving the clinical outcome.

Accordingly, the androgen deprivation-induced signaling pathway may also mediate radiosensitivity in PCa cells. The C4-2 cell line was derived from the androgen-sensitive LNCaP parent line under androgen-depleted condition and had acquired androgen-refractory characteristics. In our study, the response to radiation was evaluated in both LNCaP and C4-2. Results showed that C4-2 cells were more likely to survive from irradiation and appeared more aggressive in their resistance to radiation treatment compared with LNCaP, as measured by clonogenic assays Luminespib inhibitor and cell viability and cell cycle analyses. Gene expression analyses revealed that a set of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair were differentially regulated in LNCaP and C4-2 in response to radiation, which was also consistent with the radiation-resistant property observed in C4-2 cells. These results strongly suggested that the radiation-resistant property may develop with progression of PCa to androgen-independent status. Not only can

the LNCaP and C4-2 PCa progression model be applied for investigating androgen-refractory progression, but it can also be used to explore the development of radiation resistance in PCa.”
“Off-axis electron holography has been used to map the electrostatic potential JIB-04 cell line distribution of threading screw dislocations in differently n-doped 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. Observed phase contrast indicated the presence of a negatively charged dislocation core. Comparison between experimental and simulated potential MEK162 cell line profiles indicated that the density of trapped charges increased for a higher doped epilayer. Assuming a single level of the trap at the core, the ionization energy of the trap was calculated to be 0.89 +/- 0.22 eV. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3544066]“
“Multiwalled carbon

nanotube (MWCNT)filled polycarbonate (PC)/styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) blends with a wide range of blend compositions were prepared by melt mixing in a rotational rheometer, and the effect of SAN on the electrical properties of the PC/MWCNT composites was studied. The structure/electrical property relationship was investigated and explained by a combination of MWCNT localization and blend morphology. Transmission electron micrographs showed selective localization of MWCNTs in the PC phase, regardless of the blend morphology. When the SAN concentration was 10-40 wt%, which corresponded to sea-island (10-30 wt%) and cocontinuous (40 wt%)blend morphologies (PC was continuous in both structures), the electrical resistivity decreased with increases in the SAN content.