Details of each region are shown. Note that regions 1 and 4 are Xcc exclusive regions. Being exclusive to Xcc, regions 1 and 4 deserve special attention (Fig. 5). The XAC3263, XAC3285 and XAC3294 ORFs, which encode hypothetical proteins of unknown roles and that showed different expression patterns under the conditions mentioned above, are in region 4. This region is found

in the ORF XAC3260 (plasmid mobilization protein) and extends until XAC3298 (one integrase downstream of a tRNA Gly ), totaling 37.546 kb. In terms of composition, this region has mainly hypothetical ORFs. The encoded product of one of these ORFs (XAC3266) www.selleckchem.com/products/tariquidar.html interacts with the protein VirD4, a gene classically correlated AZD8931 with the type IV secretion system [51]. It is important to emphasize that upstream of this region there are ORFs that encode a virulence regulator (xrvA) (XAC3256), transposases (XAC3247) and regulated click here component colSR (XAC3249/50). Most curious is the ORF XAC3245, which encodes an rhsD protein, and the respective mutants also show massive reduction of the necrosis phenotype (mutants 14G01 and 14G12), which also was

upstream of region 4 (Fig. 5). In addition, for ORFs XAC3263, XAC3285 and XAC3294, no classically described domain was found in the probable proteins encoded by these hypothetical ORFs and an analysis by Psort [39] revealed that they are cytoplasmic proteins

and, in a similar mafosfamide manner, no clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) of proteins [52] were found, demonstrating that there is no similarity with any other sequences. In a different way, region 1 also calls attention by containing 5 transposases, alternating with hypothetical ORFs (Fig. 5). Among ORFs with functions previously predicted by genome annotations, there is ORF XAC1927, which encodes an Fe-S oxidoreductase that has been knocked out, and another that encodes a hemolysin related protein (XAC1918). For this ORF, XAC1918, it has also been proven experimentally that its product is connected to the virD4 product [51]. Related to the structural aspect, this region, besides having abnormal variations in the constitution of its nucleotides, is located between two major conserved gene clusters related to flagellum biosynthesis and regulation. In other organisms, including some Xanthomonas, these genes are concatenated, evidence that reinforces the hypothesis that this region was acquired by a lateral transfer process. Because of all of these peculiarities, these five regions qualify as strong candidates for classification as probable lateral transfer islands and, in this particular case, as probable pathogeniCity islands, as they present many of the typical characteristics found in these regions [6].