(C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To develop an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis (ARISA) method for the detection of anaerobic rumen fungi and also to demonstrate utility of the technique to monitor colonization and persistence of fungi, and diet-induced changes in community structure.
The method could discriminate between three genera of anaerobic rumen fungal isolates,
representing Orpinomyces, Piromyces and Neocallimastix species. Changes in anaerobic fungal composition were observed between animals fed a high-fibre Danusertib order diet compared with a grain-based diet. ARISA analysis of rumen samples from animals on grain showed a decrease in fungal diversity
with a dominance of Orpinomyces and Piromyces spp. Clustering analysis of ARISA profile patterns grouped animals based on diet. A single strain of Orpinomyces was dosed into a cow and was detectable within the rumen fungal population for several weeks afterwards.
The ARISA technique was capable of discriminating BMS-754807 purchase between pure cultures at the genus level. Diet composition has a significant influence on the diversity of anaerobic fungi in the rumen and the method can be used to monitor introduced strains.
Through the use of ARISA analysis, a better understanding of the effect of diets on rumen anaerobic fungi populations is provided.”
“Over the past few years significant progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular steps underlying the fusion and recycling of vesicles at central synapses. It still remains unclear, however, how the fusion event is linked with vesicle membrane retrieval. Several factors promoting
the transition from exo- to endocytosis have been extensively studied, including levels of intracellular Ca(2+), the synaptic proteins involved at both sides of the vesicle cycle posttranslational modification MCC950 of endocytic proteins, and the lipid composition of recycled membranes. Recent studies in glutamate synapses indicate that vesicle clusters accumulated at the sites of synaptic contacts have a more complex organization than has previously been thought. Many endocytic proteins reside in the vesicle pool at rest and undergo cycles of migration between the active and periactive zones during synaptic activity. We propose that the local migration of endocytic proteins triggered by Ca(2+) influx into the nerve terminal functions as one of the molecular mechanisms coupling exo- and endocytosis in synapses. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To demonstrate the feasibility of growing lactobacilli and producing lactic acid using maple sap as a sugar source and to show the importance of oligosaccharides in the processes.
Two maple sap samples (Cetta and Pinnacle) and purified sucrose were used as carbon sources in the preparation of three culture media.