97 (p = 0.00) across all homes despite the fact that candles were only burned in

28 of the homes. In contrast the average indoor PNC levels were weakly correlated with estimated exposure related to cooking (r = 0.10; p = 0.44). The Rigosertib indoor mean particle diameter correlated with the indoor mass concentration of PM2.5 and with mean outdoor particle diameter and mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. The mean outdoor particle diameter correlated with the mass concentration of outdoor PM2.5 and PM10. Outdoor levels of PNC and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with PM10 (Table 2). The health outcome variables are summarized in Table 3, in total and by gender. The associations between the health outcomes and the indoor and outdoor air pollutants estimated as percent change per IQR increase by the GEE model are presented in Table 4. MVF was significantly inversely associated with outdoor PNC (9% decrease per IQR increase), but not with outdoor PM2.5 or PM10. The association between outdoor PNC and MVF remained statistically significant with 8.3% decrease per IQR, when restricting the study population to participants who did not use any drugs (n = 65). There was no significant association between MVF and indoor PNC, indoor PM2.5 or settled dust levels of bacteria, endotoxin, and fungi. In contrast, the prediabetic marker HbA1c was significantly associated with indoor PNC (2% increase per IQR), but not with other exposure

Z-VAD-FMK datasheet markers. CRP showed significant association with the indoor levels of PM2.5 (24% increase per IQR). There were consistent but not significant positive associations between CRP and outdoor PNC, PM2.5 and PM10 levels. Counts of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes were significantly positively associated with indoor exposure to PNC (3.5–6.6% increase per IQR), whereas the CD11b expression on monocytes showed an inverse association with a 4% decrease per IQR increase in PNC (Table 4). In addition, eosinophil counts were inversely associated with levels of indoor PM2.5 and bacteria in settled dust,

CD62L and CD11b expression was significantly inversely associated with levels of endotoxin in settled dust, whereas CD62L only was inversely associated with fungi levels. High levels of indoor PNC and endotoxin were associated with significantly lower selleck compound lung function with 2% reduction in the FEV1/FVC ratio per IQR increase of both, whereas none of the other exposure markers showed significant associations (Table 4). The adjustment of the associations between outcomes and outdoor pollutants for the outdoor temperature did not change the main results (data not shown). Similarly, adjustment for time the home was unoccupied during the monitoring period did not change the magnitude of any of the found significant association, although the associations between CRP and eosinophil counts and indoor PM2.5 lost statistical significance (data not shown).