5 % or 1.2 SD) and lumbar spine (12.6 % or 1.0 SD), larger cortical bone size at the tibia (CSA and PC, 16.4 % or 1.1 SD and 5.1 % or 0.8 SD, respectively), and higher trabecular bone volume fraction TGF-beta inhibitor review (BV/TV, 14.5 % or 0.9 SD) as a result of increased trabecular number (Tb.N, 8.7 % or 0.6 SD) and thickness (Tb.Th, 5.7 % or 0.4 SD) at the tibia than men in the nonathletic group (Figs. 2 and 3; Table 2). Similar but weaker

associations were found in BI 2536 mw corresponding bone sites at the radius (Table 2). Men in the soccer-playing group had also higher aBMD of the femoral neck (18.0 % or 1.1 SD) and lumbar spine (10.1 % or 0.8 SD), larger cortical bone size at the tibia (CSA and PC, 12.9 % or 0.9 SD and 3.7 % or 0.6 SD, respectively), and higher trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV, 15.5 % or 1.0 SD) and trabecular number (Tb.N, 10.2 % or 0.7 SD) at the tibia than men in the resistance training group (Figs. 2 and click here 3; Table 2). When we adjusted for height and weight, the associations between sport-specific exercise loading and bone parameters remained and some additional associations emerged (Table 3). Thus, men in the resistance training group had significantly higher PC, adjusted for height and weight, at the radius

than men in the nonathletic group (Table 3). Table 2 Sport-specific association between exercise loading and density, geometry, and microstructure of weight-bearing bone in young adult men   Non-athletic referents Type of exercise ANOVA p Resistance training Soccer Number of subjects 177 106 78   Areal bone mineral density Total body (g/cm2)a 1.25 ± 0.09 1.27 ± 0.09 1.36 ± 0.09A,B <0.001 Lumbar DNA ligase spine (g/cm2)a 1.21 ± 0.13 1.23 ± 0.14 1.36 ± 0.15A,B <0.001 Femoral neck (g/cm2)a 1.06 ± 0.14 1.07 ± 0.15 1.26 ± 0.17A,B <0.001 Total hip (g/cm2)a 1.08 ± 0.14 1.09 ± 0.16 1.29 ± 0.17A,B <0.001 Radius nondominant (g/cm2) 0.62 ± 0.06 0.63 ± 0.05 0.63 ± 0.05 0.126 Tibial diaphysis Cortical cross-sectional area (mm2) 266 ± 33 275 ± 37 310 ± 34A,B <0.001 Cortical periosteal circumference (mm) 73.1 ± 4.8 74.0 ± 4.8 76.8 ± 4.3A,B <0.001 Cortical thickness (mm) 4.54 ± 0.47 4.63 ± 0.57 5.13 ± 0.56A,B <0.001 Cortical endosteal circumference (mm) 44.5 ± 5.2 44.9 ± 5.3 44.5 ± 5.5 0.818 Cortical volumetric density (mg/cm3) 1,169 ± 17 1,164 ± 19 1,155 ± 21A,B <0.001 Radial diaphysis Cortical cross-sectional area (mm2) 95.6 ± 12.9 98.9 ± 11.9 100.7 ± 11.0A 0.004 Cortical periosteal circumference (mm) 41.4 ± 3.1 42.2 ± 2.9 42.7 ± 2.8A 0.002 Cortical volumetric density (mg/cm3) 1,194 ± 16 1,188 ± 17a 1,189 ± 17 0.