2002; Ayalon et al. 2010). This study has several limitations. First, the sample size is relatively small. Second, despite the participants’ self-reports that they were taking the medications, actual medication adherence was not known. Third, lack of data on a medication reconciliation with prescribers is also a limitation. Fourth, we did not systematically collect data from those who were not taking antidepressants

to learn whether they had been find more offered or had stopped taking Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical them and why. Future research is needed to examine the relationship between patients’ perception of effectiveness and medication adherence. Despite these limitations, the present study provides insights into these older adults’ perceptions of the effectiveness of antidepressants. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that tailored approaches to depression management may be necessary in homebound older adults, especially older men, those Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical aged 70 or older, and racial/ethnic minorities. Those who suffer from depression but do not take antidepressants may be better encouraged to take them if they receive more individualized attention from a clinic staff member or Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a care manager who can check on them to discuss their depression care. In addition, there may be a need for culturally tailored medication counseling of Black/African-American

older adults to improve their uptake rate. Although predisposing Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical factors were significantly associated with self-reported antidepressant use, it appears that they were not significantly associated with perceived effectiveness of antidepressants. Given low-income, depressed, homebound older adults’ multiple physical, functional, and mental health problems, future research also needs to examine if these older adults may want to combine antidepressant treatment with psychotherapeutic and/or case management approaches. Conflict of Interest No conflicts Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of interest

exist for any of the authors.
The T-maze and Y-maze were used to test spontaneous alternation behavior. These tests are based on the innate interest of rodents to explore a new environment (Gerlai 1998). The T-maze consisted of one start arm and two identical goal arms (each arm 30 cm length × 10 cm width × 20 cm height) with guillotine doors. The guillotine doors were located in the middle of the start arm and in the entrance of each side arm. In each trial, after placing the mouse in the start arm, mice were allowed to enter either one of the goal arms. Subsequently, PAK6 the guillotine door of the unchosen goal arm was closed. Arm entry was defined as having all four limbs inside the arm. Due to the explorative nature of rodents, mice returned to the start arm, after which the next trial began. This basic procedure was repeated 11 times per day, for three consecutive days, for a total of 33 trials. The T-maze was cleaned with 10% ethanol between animals and before the first animal to eliminate odor.