20 age- and BMI-matched healthy subjects were chosen as the normal control group (group NC, n = 20). Results: After 16 weeks of treatment, 24-hour urinary albumin, urinary TGF-beta(1) and type IV collagen in group Exe were significantly lower check details than those of group Glm (p < 0.01), while glycemic control had no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Our results indicate that exenatide reduces urinary TGF-beta(1) and type IV collagen excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, which may be partly contributory to its directly renoprotective role. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Propranolol is found to

reduce physiological hyper-responsiveness in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), possibly by affecting reconsolidation after the reactivation of traumatic memories. Cortisol is found to attenuate declarative memory retrieval, but it is unknown whether

it also reduces physiological responses to emotional memories.

To examine whether the effects of propranolol on physiological responding to emotional memories can also be found in healthy controls and to investigate the immediate and prolonged effects of cortisol on physiological responding to emotional memories, we tested these effects in 79 healthy young men.

After preparing a script of a negative disturbing memory, participants were instructed to imagine this event 1 week

later after ingestion of either 35 mg cortisol, 80 mg propranolol, or a placebo. Physiological responding to the script-driven imagery was recorded. Another week later, CB-5083 order after washout, the imagery was repeated again. During all three sessions as well as 8 months later, subjective emotional reactions to the memories were assessed.

The emotionality of the memories was reduced over time, which was not affected by the treatments, however. The personal emotional script did evoke higher skin conductance EPZ004777 chemical structure responses than a neutral story, which decreased 1 week later, but no effects were found of either propranolol or cortisol on this responsiveness.

Whereas healthy males do show psychophysiological responding to personal emotional scripts, the effects of cortisol and propranolol on physiological responses to emotional memories might be specific to clinical groups characterized by hyper-responsiveness, like PTSD. Future studies using longer-acting doses and more elaborate reactivation procedures in both healthy men and women could shed more light on the effects of cortisol and propranolol on psychophysiological responding to emotional memories.”
“Background: Myeloid-related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) is released by cells of myeloid lineage upon inflammatory challenges. Experimental data suggested that MRP8/14 is important in the initiation and progression of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.