102 Most candidate genes for association studies with selleck chemical Pazopanib bipolar disorder and our website unipolar depression have been derived from neurotransmitter systems involved in antidepressant drug action. Only some of the findings could be consistently replicated, Including associations between the monoamlnoxldase A (MAOA)103 and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene and bipolar disorder and tryptophan hydroxllase 2 (TPH2) gene and unipolar depression (Table III). Further conclusive evidence exists for an Involvement of the D-aminoacidoxidase

activator DAOA (G72)/G30 locus In the susceptibility for bipolar disorder, but also for schizophrenia. A large number of studies Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical have examined the genetic associations between polymorphisms In the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SLC6A4) gene and bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Most attention focused on a functional Insertion/deletion polymorphism In the promoter region to SLC6A4, known as 5HTTLPR. Despite several positive results, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the number of negative replications Is Increasing, and the relevance of this polymorphism Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for the susceptibility to bipolar disorder or unipolar depression Is meanwhile being challenged. Table III. Replicated findings of genetic

associations with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. 5-HT, serotonin Besides SLC6A4, P2X ligand-gated Ion channel 7125 Is the only gene showing Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical replicated effects for susceptibility to both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. This gene codes for a cation-selective Ion channel expressed In central glial cells as well as In neurons, and Is assumed to regulate Immune function and neurotransmitter release.136,137 In summary, genetic association studies In stress-related disorders have provided evidence for an involvement of several other genes not identified by basic genetic studies on stress response.

Since an inappropriate response to repeated and/or continuous stress mediates the susceptibility to stress-related disorders, these genes are also assumed to moderate the stress response. We have reviewed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical genetic association studies in hypertension, coronary artery disease, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression. Due to the large and rapidly increasing number of publications, it is impossible to provide a complete overview. However, we have tried to summarize the most consistent and most Carfilzomib frequently discussed findings. It is important to note that different classes of candidate genes have been investigated in the four diagnostic groups reported in this review, despite their common relationship to stress and inappropriate stress response. While candidate genes in hypertension and coronary artery disease are primarily related to the RAAS and to inflammation/immune response, respectively, the majority of candidate genes in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression are derived from monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems.