1% respectively. The levels of bite force recorded showed comparatively wide intra- and inter-individual variation with the maximum of the three bite force measurements ranging from 12.61 (N) to 353.64 (N) (M = 196.60, SD = 69.77). Conclusion.  Bite forces of young children show comparatively wide intra- and inter-individual variation

with some similarities with those found in the limited number of previous primary dentition studies undertaken elsewhere. The results will serve to provide key reference values for use both in paediatric dental clinical practice and wider research community. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 349–355 Background.  Caries infiltration aims to inhibit lesion progression, by occluding the porosities within the lesion body with low-viscosity resins. The ability in hampering lesion progression is correlated with the penetration depth

(PD) of the infiltrant. Aim.  This study aimed to compare GDC-0449 cost the infiltration depths into proximal lesions in primary molars after different application times. Design.  Noncavitated natural caries lesions (n = 83) were etched with 15% HCl for 2 min and infiltrated for 0.5, 1, 3, or 5 min. Specimens were sectioned and PD at the maximum lesion depth (LDmax) were analysed using dual fluorescence confocal microscopy. Results.  Percentage penetrations (PD/LDmax) PI3K inhibitor were significantly higher after 3 or 5 min compared with 0.5-min application (P < 0.05; Mann–Whitney test). For LDmax <400 μm, no significant differences were observed between application times (P > 0.05). For LDmax≥400 μm, 3- and 5-min application resulted in significantly deeper infiltration compared with 0.5 min (P < 0.05). After 1-min application, PD was significantly lower than 5 min (P < 0.05), PD/LDmax did not differ from all other groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions.  Natural noncavitated proximal lesions in primary molars were deeply infiltrated after 1-min application in vitro. For deeper lesions, however, more consistent

Racecadotril results were obtained after 3 min. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 435–441 Objective.  To assess whether an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)measure showed differential item functioning (DIF) by ethnicity. Methods.  A simple random sample of 12- and 13-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in the Taranaki District Health Board’s school dental service, New Zealand. Each child (n = 430) completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) in the dental clinic waiting room, prior to a dental examination. The dataset included age, gender, ethnicity, and deprivation status. The general principle of the analytic plan was that equal scores from each CPQ11-14 item were expected from both non-Mäori and Mäori groups regardless of their ethnic group. Ordinal logistic regression was performed. The dependent variables were the CPQ11-14 items. The ethnicity group and each CPQ11-14 domain score were the independent variables.