(C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3138812]“
“Obesity is now recognised as a low grade, chronic inflammatory disease that is linked to a myriad of disorders find more including cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). With respect to T2D, work in the last decade has revealed that cells of the immune system are recruited to white adipose tissue beds (WAT), where they can secrete cytokines to modulate metabolism within

WAT. As many of these cytokines are known to impair insulin action, blocking the recruitment of immune cells has been purported to have therapeutic utility for the treatment of obesity-induced T2D. As inflammation is critical for host defence, and energy consuming in nature, the blockade of inflammatory processes may, however, result in unwanted complications. In this review, we outline the immunological changes that occur within the WAT with respect to systemic glucose homeostasis. In particular, we focus on the role of major immune cell types in regulating nutrient homeostasis and potential initiating stimuli for WAT inflammation.”
“This article investigates the performance of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

with a novel wavelike gas flow channel. Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of the wavelike channel profile on the gas flow characteristics, MK2206 temperature distribution, electrochemical reaction efficiency, and electrical performance. The simulation results show that compared to a conventional straight gas flow channel, the wavelike channel increases the fuel flow velocity, enhances the transport through the porous layer, and improves the temperature distribution. As a result, the PEMFC has improved fuel utilization efficiency and superior

selleck compound heat-transfer characteristics. Furthermore, the results show that the wavelike gas flow channel yields a higher PEMFC output voltage and improves the maximum power density by approximately 32.5%. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 1440-1448, 2009″
“Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Recent evidence suggests that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress are key contributors in the development of diabetic complications. The FOXOfamily of forkhead transcription factors including FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 play important roles in the regulation of many cellular and biological processes and are critical regulators of cellular oxidative stress response pathways.