Figure S3. Substantial differences between 2D and 3D kinetic parameters. (A) 2D affinity or (B) on-rate is plotted vs. their respective 3D counterparts [1] as log-log plots and fitted by linear regression with R2 Transmembrane Transporters activator and p
values indicated. (C) Comparison between 2D and 3D off-rates. The drastically different ranges of the parameter values in panels A and B, the drastically different off-rate values in panel C, and the low R2 values in panel B indicate substantial differences between the kinetic parameters measured in 2D vs. 3D. “n.a.” denotes “not available”. Figure S4. Example of a lifetime in thermal fluctuation assay. Panel A shows raw data of thermal fluctuation of bead position and panel B shows the corresponding sliding standard deviation (std.) of bead position. Bond association is signified by a sudden drop of position std. to below a threshold whereas dissociation by resumption of position std. to above the threshold. Figure S5. Hybridoma cells coexpressing TCR and CD8 show two-stage kinetics of binding to RBCs bearing gp209–2M:HLA-A2
complexes. (A-F) Experiments were conducted with micropipette adhesion frequency buy CX-4945 assay as shown in Fig. 3 but instead of CD8- lines, CD8+ cell lines were used. With the exception of W2C8, all the TCRs exhibit two-stage patterns in their binding curves. Surface densities of TCR, CD8, and pMHC are indicated. Each point represents mean ± SEM of Pa measured from 2–6 pairs of hybridomas cells and gp209–2M:HLA-A2 coupled RBCs. (G) Effective TCR–pMHC 2D affinities determined using CD8- cell lines match those determined from the first-stage binding using CD8+ cell lines except for W2C8. Effective 2D affinities of six individual TCRs when interacting with gp209–2M:HLA-A2
were measured using CD8- cell lines (open bar, replotted from Fig. 3C) and compared to those calculated from measurements using CD8+ cell lines (closed bar). The calculation is based on the assumption that the first stage of the adhesion Rucaparib cost frequency vs. contact time curve is mediated by the TCR–pMHC bimolecular interaction only. Error bars represent uncertainty based on error propagation from adhesion frequency measureme Figure S6. No Correlation between total dwell time (ta) and T cell function. (A) Kinetic parameters for the panel of TCRs determined by SPR [1] and the total dwell time (ta) calculated based on previous method by setting the rebinding threshold at 60,000/M.s [2]. (B) The correlation between the calculated ta values and Tcell function (IL-2 production). “
“The co-administration of two or more cytokines may generate additive or synergistic effects for controlling infectious diseases. However, the practical use of cytokine combinations for the modulation of immune responses against inactivated vaccine has not been demonstrated in livestock yet, primarily due to protein stability, production, and costs associated with mass administration.