The survey was distributed between July and October 2005 to Rijswijk employees self-registering as FBT. With permission from ETHAB, their original malaria questionnaire (Q-Mal) was electronically distributed

using the Apian Survey Pro 3.0 Program. The survey included a question asking participants to rank the risk of contracting 11 infectious diseases (HIV, typhoid fever, rabies, meningitis, yellow fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, dengue fever, cholera, and seasonal influenza) for a general traveler to their destination country. For GSK126 solubility dmso each disease, this “perceived risk” was ranked as high, low, or no risk. Destination country was defined as the most recent high-risk malaria country the FBT had visited in the preceding 2 years, and thus each individual was only required to assess the disease risks for one country. Other questions in the survey explored demographic variables and travel health preparation factors (see Statistical Analysis). Non-responding FBT received two to three reminders within intervals of a few weeks. Only surveys returned by FBT who had undertaken business travel to a malaria-endemic country in the

preceding 2 years were included in the study. The data regarding malaria were assessed and published separately,[5] while risk knowledge of the 11 other infectious diseases is discussed in this article. Because of the unavailability of traveler-specific prevalence data for each infectious disease in each country, we instead compared perceived traveler risk to World Health Organization (WHO) country population prevalence maps for each disease during the relevant time period.[6] Selleck TGF beta inhibitor This decision was considered valid under the assumption that travelers would be at higher risk if a disease is common among the local population and at lower risk if the local human reservoir for the disease is minimal, as outlined in WHO’s International Travel and Health publication.[6] Moreover, for

countries in temperate regions, the month of travel Liothyronine Sodium was taken into account when determining the risk for influenza (Northern hemisphere at high-risk November–March; Southern hemisphere at high-risk April–October). The WHO prevalence data for each disease, for each country, constituted “actual risk” with which to assess the accuracy of FBT “perceived risk.” Correct assessments for disease risk were summed to produce an individual overall knowledge score (out of 11) for each FBT. Incorrect assessments were divided into underestimations and overestimations for further analysis. In order to investigate variables potentially affecting accuracy of perceived risk, we grouped responses according to two factors: destination country and knowledge level. For destination country, we calculated a country mean of the knowledge scores for those destinations with a sufficiently large sample size (n ≥ 10) to allow comparison of risk knowledge of FBT to different regions.