Phylogenetic position a deeply branched lineage of the phylum Firmicutes. Isolated from sludge from an upflow anaerobic filter, treating wastewater from a fishmeal factory. Type strain Sp3T (=JCM 16669T). The project is part of the thematic research program MicroDrivE at the Swedish

University of Agricultural Sciences (microdrive.slu.se). We acknowledge Prof. J.M. Lema at the University of Santiago de Compostella for kindly providing the digestor sample used for the isolations. The GenBank/EMBL accession number for 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain Sp3T is EU386162; the accession number for strain Esp is GQ487664. “
“National EPZ5676 clinical trial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Taian, China Nitrification inhibitors have been used for decades to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization in farmland. However, their effect on ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in soil is little explored. Here, we compared the impact of diverse inhibitors on nitrification activity of the soil archaeon Ca. Nitrososphaera

viennensis EN76 and compared it to that of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosospira multiformis. Allylthiourea, amidinothiourea, and dicyandiamide (DCD) inhibited ammonia oxidation in cultures of both N. multiformis and N. viennensis, but the effect on N. viennensis was markedly lower. In particular, the effective concentration 50 (EC50) of allylthiourea was 1000 times higher for the AOA culture. Among the tested nitrification Pirfenidone mw inhibitors, DCD was the least potent against N. viennensis. Nitrapyrin had at the maximal soluble concentration

only a very weak inhibitory effect on the AOB N. multiformis, but showed a moderate effect on the AOA. The antibiotic sulfathiazole inhibited the bacterium, but barely affected the archaeon. Only the NO-scavenger carboxy-PTIO had a strong inhibitory effect on the archaeon, but had little effect on the bacterium in the concentrations tested. Our results reflect the fundamental metabolic and cellular differences of AOA and AOB and will be useful for future applications of inhibitors aimed at distinguishing activities from of AOA and AOB in soil environments. “
“SlyA is a newly transcriptional regulator identified in Enterococcus faecalis that is involved in the virulence, persistence in mouse kidneys and liver, and survival inside peritoneal macrophages. In this study we searched for environmental conditions that affect expression of the corresponding gene. Of the several stress conditions tested, only bile salts (0.08%) significantly induced transcription of slyA. In addition, the growth of ΔslyA mutant strain was significantly impaired in the presence of bile salts. To increase knowledge of SlyA regulon, real-time quantitative PCR was performed and revealed that expression of EF_3005, which encodes a choloylglycine hydrolase, is negatively regulated by SlyA.