We found that MRCs were retained in all three mutant genotypes ( Figure 5A; Table 1), indicating that neither TRPV protein is required for the generation of MRCs. Additionally, loss of one or both of these ASH-expressed TRPV channels had no detectable effect on the size, latency, or time course of MRCs ( Table 1). Furthermore, though TRPV null

ZD6474 chemical structure mutations shifted the MRC current-voltage relationship toward 0 mV, MRCs reversed above +40 mV. Thus, the major component of MRCs in TRPV mutants remains a Na+-permeable channel, indicating that neither TRPV channel is a major contributor to MRCs in ASH ( Figures 5B and 5C). Next, we determined how the loss of ocr-2 and osm-9 affected the minor deg-1-independent MRC and found that MRCs in osm-9ocr-2;deg-1 triple mutants were the same size and had the same kinetics as deg-1 single mutants ( Figure 5A; Table 1). The triple mutant also had the same reversal potential as deg-1 mutants ( Figure 5B). Collectively, these data establish that neither the major or minor components of mechanotransduction check details current in ASH require

OSM-9 or OCR-2. Force depolarized ASH neurons as expected for changes in membrane potential activated by inward currents (Figure 5D). The MRP time course reflected that of the underlying MRC. No action potential-like events were detected either in response to force or current injection (Figure S2). Thus, like other sensory neurons in C. elegans ( Goodman et al., 1998, O’Hagan et al., 2005 and Ramot Catechol oxidase et al., 2008), the ASH neurons appear to signal without using classical action potentials. MRPs evoked by saturating mechanical stimuli were similar in wild-type and osm-9ocr-2 double-mutant ASH neurons ( Figure 5D; Table 2), reaching average maxima of −39 ± 3 mV

(mean ± SEM, n = 10) and −35 ± 2 mV (mean ± SEM, n = 5), respectively ( Table 2). Such MRPs are likely to open voltage-gated calcium channels, since depolarization above −50 mV is sufficient to activate calcium currents in other C. elegans sensory neurons ( Goodman et al., 1998). Force evoked only tiny depolarizations in deg-1 ASH neurons that never rose above −50 mV ( Figure 5D; Table 2), suggesting that voltage-gated calcium channels are not activated in ASH neurons lacking DEG-1. In all genotypes studied, MRP amplitude mirrored MRC size ( Figure 5D). These results demonstrate that OSM-9 and OCR-2 are not required for the generation of either MRPs or MRCs and establish that DEG-1, by contrast, is essential for the generation of both MRPs and MRCs. The eponymous deg-1 was the first DEG/ENaC gene to be identified in any organism ( Chalfie and Wolinsky, 1990). Here, we show that it encodes the third DEG/ENaC protein known to be a pore-forming subunit of a sensory MeT channel. Several lines of evidence support this conclusion. First, external loads open amiloride-sensitive, sodium-permeable ion channels in ASH.