Viruses carrying RT polymerase domain from isolates of B and C subtypes selleck chemicals llc do not show differences in the mutational rate Differences in cDNA accumulation between viral stains carrying pol gene fragments from B and C subtypes are likely to be dependent on the in vivo RT enzymatic activity. To test whether these differences correlate with the fidelity of reverse transcription, we analyzed the fre quencies of point mutations in the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries RT sequences of wild type NL4 3 and chimeric NL polL viruses after 27 days of infection in H9 cells. We analyzed a total of 28 individual sequences of the 750 base RT encoding fragment from NL4 3 and 43 sequences from NL polL provirus using single viral genome PCR and sequence analysis. Changes were observed when compared to the initial viral sequences.

However, comparison of the RT encoding fragment sequences with the parental isolates did not show a significant difference in the frequencies of the nucleotide substitutions in this region of pol between NL4 3 and NL polL viruses. To test for the potential Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries impact of deamination on mutation frequency in both virus strains, we separately determined the ratio of G to A substitutions, which may be a result of editing by APOBEC cytidine deaminases. The detected G to A substitutions were located in the known positions which were described earlier for RT domain. However, we did not detect significant differences in the frequency and proportion Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of G to A mutations between NL4 3 and NL polL, and both viruses demonstrated a similar G to A substitution rate of about 210 4.

Alignments of the RT encoding region revealed similar synonymous mutation rates for both virus strains of about 1. 510 4. However, the rate of non synonymous substitutions was approxi mately fourfold higher than the rate of synonymous mutations. indicating Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries a high potential for positive selection for both viruses. Discussion Genetic diversity of the pol gene among HIV 1 clades has been reported primarily in the context of drug resis tance manifestation, and reviewed previously. In this study, we have demonstrated a correlation between the presence of either the whole RT, or only the N terminal, or C terminal domains of RT from the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries HIV 1 subtype C and a decreased level of viral replica tion, cDNA accumulation in virions or cytoplasmic RTCs, and integration.

The C terminal Gag region, selleckchem Calcitriol the protease, as well as the inte grase and Vif protein of subtype C viruses did not seem to play a substantial role in lower levels of cDNA accu mulation, integration, and the overall virus replication when compared to subtype B viruses. Our data indicate that the RT polymerase domain from subtype C alone significantly affected the accumu lation of negative strand strong stop DNA and late DNA products, demonstrating the importance of this domain for subtype specific differences in reverse tran scription.